20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing 20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing 20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing By Mark Nichol Clipped forms, shortened abbreviations of words, have a checkered history. Some are acceptable in formal writing, and others aren’t. When writing in academic contexts, in business writing, or another formal environment, take note of the status of these common clipped forms: 1. Ad: In formal writing, the full form, advertisement, is usually employed. 2. Bra: This clipped form of brassiere, from the French word for â€Å"bodice† (its euphemistic meaning: â€Å"arm protector†), has supplanted the longer form in all but the most stiffly formal writing. 3. Burger: If ever a reference to this fast food staple makes its way into formal writing, the short form of hamburger is just as likely to appear as the long form. 4. Bus: Omnibus (Latin for â€Å"all†), a word for a horse-drawn public-transportation conveyance, gave the right of way to its short form around the time such vehicles became motorized. 5. Copter: The full form, helicopter, is best for formal writing. 6. Deli: Though this word has been in use for at least a half century, delicatessen, from the German word for â€Å"delicacies,† is best for formal usage. 7. Exam: Examination was clipped back in the late 1800s and has long since been used even in formal writing. 8. Flu: The short form of influenza (Italian for â€Å"influence,† from the medieval supposition that illness was the result of celestial perturbations) is several hundred years old and has long been acceptable even in formal medical texts. 9. Fridge: This term, unusual not only in that the full form, refrigerator, has been clipped at both ends but also in that the spelling has been altered to reflect the pronunciation, is suitable for informal writing only. 10. Gas: Gasoline is much more likely to appear in formal writing than its clipped form. 11. Gator: This clipped form of alligator, in spite of its nearly 200-year-old tenure in the English language, is considered slang. 12. Gym: Most formal references to a school building for athletic activities will use the full form, gymnasium, which many patrons might be amused to learn stems from the Greek word for â€Å"naked,† because athletes in ancient Greece trained and competed nude. Because Greek gymnasiums were centers of intellectual education as well, the full term is often used in Europe to refer to what might in the United States be called a preparatory school (which, by the way, has its own clipped form: â€Å"prep school†). 13. Memo: So pervasive is this clipped form of memorandum that many people may not even know its origins. (The full word ultimately derives from the Latin for â€Å"memory.†) 14. Movie: Even more taken for granted than memo is this diminutive form of â€Å"moving picture,† which, if you step back from it, may appear silly looking and juvenile. Formal writing often refers to the medium as film or cinema, but movie is also acceptable. 15. Phone: The original term, telephone, is still often used in formal writing, but the clipped form is just as likely to be used. 16. Plane: Plane has become as acceptable as airplane in formal writing. 17. Pro: Professional, the full form, is the preferred usage in formal contexts. 18. Quake: This clipped form of earthquake is, despite long usage, still considered informal. 19. Tie: The full form, necktie, is all but obsolete. (Perhaps the clothing accessory will be, too, before long.) 20. Typo: This slang for â€Å"typographical error† is over a century old but is still considered substandard usage. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?Social vs. Societalâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

15 Quotes to Help You Survive the Holidays with Kids

15 Quotes to Help You Survive the Holidays with Kids Holiday vacations hold a special meaning for all of us. Some think of parties, a Bahamas cruise, or visiting grandma. But what if holidays spell kids-at-home-running-riot? Erma Bombeck said, Being a child at home alone is a high-risk occupation. If you call your mother at work thirteen times an hour, she can hurt you. Here are more funny quotes about holiday vacations. Erma BombeckNo self-respecting mother would run out of intimidations on the eve of a major holiday. George CarlinMarry an orphan: youll never have to spend boring holidays with the in-laws. Alice CooperThe two most joyous times of the year are Christmas morning and the end of school. Roger BannisterOur concept of a family holiday was going to a guest house in the Lake District or Wales where walking was part of the holiday. Kylie MinogueI have had a holiday, and Id like to take it up professionally. Frank TygerWhen you like your work every day is a holiday. George Bernard ShawA perpetual holiday is a good working definition of hell. Sam EwingVacation: Two weeks on the sunny sands - and the rest of the year on the financial rocks. George CarlinThe other night I ate at a real nice family restaurant. Every table had an argument going. Philip AndrewTo many people, holidays are not voyages of discovery, but a ritual of reassurance. Earl WilsonA vacation is what you take when you can no longer take what youve been taking. Elbert HubbardNo man needs a vacation so much as the person who has just had one. Kenneth GrahameAfter all, the best part of a holiday is perhaps not so much to be resting yourself, as to see all the other fellows busy working. Dave BarryThe best time to go (to Disney World), if you want to avoid huge crowds, is 1962. Raymond DuncanA lot of parents pack up their troubles and send them off to summer camp. When Holidays Are Here, Do You Get Cold Feet? If you were a stay-at-home mom, youd know. Heck, if you were a working mom, youd know too. For kids, holidays means clogging up the bathtub with paper balls, which sometimes metamorphose into gobs of different shapes, colors, and textures. Holidays also mean running around the house, especially on my freshly shampooed carpet with muck from the garden. And lets not even talk about the innumerable slugs, bugs, and frogs that seem to have made home in a little box under the bed of my younger son. What Holidays Mean With Kids Are at Home Holidays means endless cooking for the ravenous little ones. They are forever saying, Im hungry! or When can we have pizza? once every 15 minutes through the day. I wonder how they managed to survive school hours with one lunch break! And whatever is cooked at home is yucky enough for them to pull a face, or use the food as play dough. Kids make fortresses out of table linen or mess up the walls with their grubby fingers. They are bundles of boisterous energy that needs to be channeled. Moms are driven to  their wits end and resort to letting them watch endless reruns on video. How About Taking Off to a Holiday Destination With Kids? How about taking off on a holiday to someplace which is exotic and fun? Good idea, but be warned that kids are not the best travel companions. Between umpteen loo visits, pit stops at every fast food outlet, and shopping and whining at every toy shop, youd be happy if you get some time to look at the scenic locales. And just when you find a cozy spot to put up your feet, you will be assailed with a Mommy, can we go home, please? And you wonder then whether it was even a smart idea to travel long distance. Having kids at home during holidays can be a nightmare. If you have not planned it through, you may be in for some hair-raising experiences. But with the right plans, you can have a great time with kids during holidays. Here is a 5-step plan on how to survive the holidays with kids: 1. Prepare a list of activities that will be a hit with the kids and keep them off your hair. It could be soccer class, swimming class, camps, or craft classes. Kids love to try out new stuff. Find out what activities are available in your neighborhood. If your kids friends have signed up for some special courses, you may want to team up with them. This way you can work a carpool schedule too. 2. Organize play dates, slumber parties and picnic with friends. The downside is that you will have to look after more than one child. However, the upside is that kids are usually less clingy when their friends are around. Also, you can squeeze in a bit of me time, when the kids are busy with each other. Besides, whoever said that you cannot rotate the activities in each participating parents house? Today, it is your turn. There will be a golden tomorrow when it is someone elses turn. 3. Stock up on supplies. Kids at home mean more food, more mess, and more activities. Keep your ammunition ready. Wipes. Sanitizers. Raincoat. Snacks. First Aid Kits. Crayons. DIY project kits. Even if you think that you may not need them all, there is no harm in stocking up. You never know when you will need these. 4. Set some ground rules from Day 1 and be firm. Ground Rule No.1 is no TV before dinner and bedtime brushing of teeth. That way, you ensure that when the kids fall asleep on the couch, it is easy to carry them off to their beds. 5. If you are traveling out with kids, including an adventure in the itinerary. Typically, beach locations, wild-life sanctuaries, and camps are fun for kids. You cant expect your 3-year-old to behave in a mall, which is overflowing with goodies and toys on Christmas Eve. Likewise, you cannot expect him to trudge up a hill, just because you love trekking. Make realistic plans, if you want to save your sanity. Some parents become excellent at planning, time management, and multitasking after having children.  Kids are indeed the best teachers.You are not the only one to feel heartache and joy of celebrating holidays with kids.

E-Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-Marketing - Essay Example Business firms are very fond of e-marketing today and the growth in e-marketing has seen an all time high of late because not many financial resources are required in this form of marketing as opposed to setting up stores in different parts of the world where the customer base to be catered to is very limited. E-marketing is accessible to all kinds of people all over with an access to an internet connection and makes life much easier and convenient for people. Instead of standing in line to buy products and waste time travelling, a consumer can easily buy products online while he is travelling somewhere; for example, a woman buying books from the internet, from a website like amazon.com while sitting on a train to a meeting in the morning – thus no time is lost as she is able to use the interim travel time efficiently and by the time she reaches home in the evening, she would have received her package as well – making life so much more convenient than standing in line a t the store and taking time to choose her books. This paper focuses on all aspects of e-marketing – from how it has significantly changed the world as we see it today to the various advantages and challenges that it faces and also helps to provide a number of interesting examples throughout the course of the explanation. Creativity is a very essential aspect of internet marketing because the first thing that a business entity needs to do is create a website that will appeal to the consumers at large and is also very user friendly – especially on gadgets like smart phones which are used more than laptops for browsing the internet. The design and development of a website is very crucial to its existence because advertising and marketing also needs to be taken care of through this medium – it is thus very important for an organization to make sure that all the marketing that it does online brings it results by taking care of the creative and technical aspects. This can be done by posting advertisements and banners on various websites, using social networking websites to display products and services as well as post surveys on websites to ask customers their opinion and thus gather data and use it for its benefit.2 There are many different kinds of internet marketing that companies indulge in. they may be classified on the basis of the following; display advertising where advertisements in the form of banners are displayed on random websites which when clicked transport the user to the website where the goods and services are being sold. In order to do this the business firm needs to take permission from the host website, for example banners on Face book; Search engine marketing is another method in which business organizations pay search engines to show up on the results or on the side when a customer types in certain key words; Social media marketing is close to display advertising where social media websites are used to advertise and promot e products and services and create traffic thus; e-mail marketing is done when e-mails are sent to a wide database of people regarding the promotions offered by the business entity luring them to the websites; video marketing is done through websites like YouTube where videos regarding

Is there a right to self-determination outside of the context of Essay

Is there a right to self-determination outside of the context of decolonisation - Essay Example The United Nations has created the rights of self-determination as a privilege of peoples under alien and colonial dominations. The right of self-determination is not available to peoples who live in an organised form of a State, which is neither under the control of alien or colonial influence as the UN resolution 1514(XV)4 bar any initiative intended to disrupt either partially or totally the national unity or territorial integrity of a nation. Thus, self-determination means that states and their subjects have the privilege to liberate themselves from foreign domination. If any state is under foreign domination or controlled by foreign powers can exercise the right to self-determination and thus, they have the right to oust the invaders and reinstate independence. However, self-determination may occur outside of the context of decolonisation in situations like human rights violation, oppression of minority and indigenous people’s rights5. This research essay will analyse in detail the circumstances in which determination may occur outside of the context of decolonisation in detail. ... Thirdly, the privilege of people to secede. Fourthly, to decide their constitution, this includes their autonomous status. Finally, the privilege to persue democracy. The first three categories mentioned above will fall under external feature of self-determination whereas the last two are known as the internal aspect of self-determination6. The two Covenants to the Self-determination (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESC) 7, and the UN General Assembly Resolutions 1514 and 26258 , acknowledged the right of all peoples to self-determination, which is restricted to colonial scenarios or only to colonial people. However, there are situations where self-determination has been acknowledged as applicable outside the background of decolonisation9. Despite the fact that UN General Assembly lacks the authority to enact any laws , legal experts accept that its resolutions can become customary inte rnational law.It is to be noted that Article 73 (Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing States) of the UN Charter is regarded as ascertaining self-determination as a principle of international law. Thus, by virtue of Article 73, UN resolutions 1514 and 2625 attain Customary International Law status10. The right of self-determination should be acknowledged outside the colonial background also. Self-determination as a basic right is to be applicable to all people and should not be restricted to those people with the historical background. It would be irrational to grant the rights of self-determination to some groups and to refute it to others. Thus, to acknowledge the privilege of secession for group of people with the colonisation background and to refute this

EPIDEMIOLOGIC CRITIQUE of a scientific literature Statistics Project

EPIDEMIOLOGIC CRITIQUE of a scientific literature - Statistics Project Example Previous studies have reported that families of terminally ill patients have a significantly high burden. Therefore, Gelfman, Meier, and Morrison (2008) set out to examine quantitatively the impact that consultative services at palliative care centers have on the patient’s family members. This particular research study does not utilize any conceptual or theoretical framework. This quantitative research study’s purpose was to examine whether consultative services at palliative care centers improved care quality for the bereaved family. The research question was: what is the impact of hospital palliative care consultation service on the quality of care received by family members of patients who dies at a large NYC tertiary hospital? (Gelfman et al, 2008). The research study qualifies the importance of this question by stating that there is the need for additional information of the relationship between hospital palliative care services and its effects on members of the family. This research question, in turn, qualifies the use of descriptive statistics as part of a descriptive research design. The research article set out to examine a subject that has not been researched widely with regards to hospital palliative care and its impacts on bereaved family members. The hypothesis for this study was that palliative care hospital services would improve care quality for members of the patient’s family (Gelfman et al, 2008). The research is expected to show that family members of patients who die at palliative care centers, especially those involved in the process of care, have a more favorable experience of their kin’s death, reduced costs and length of stay, and improved satisfaction. The exposure of interest was palliative care support services for the family members of terminally ill patients, while the outcome of interest was the emotional and spiritual effects of the palliative care on the

The Council Of Trent

The Council Of Trent Throughout the early 1500s many Europeans sought to reform the structure and traditions of the Catholic Church. Riots and protests gradually spread to various parts of Europe causing many authorities including the Catholic Church to panic. The Council of Trent was called in 1545 by Pope Paul III to respond to these concerns and to the Protestant Revolt. It included an ecumenical council made up of all of the bishops of the Catholic Church, which discussed the various concerns presented. This document analysis will not analyze The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent in its entirety. This analysis will focus upon the fourth session written in 1546, and the twenty-third session, including the oration delivered in the last session in 1559 through 1563. The Council was a means to reinforce the authority of the papacy and to fight back against the rise of Protestantism. The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent increased papal authority, as it was intended as a warning for all other forms of Christianity that the authority and legitimacy of the Catholic Church was not to be questioned or threatened. The Council of Trent was vital in the consolidation of papal power. The Council of Trent gives us insight into the power of the Catholic Church in the mid 1500s. Although its numbers had been dwindling, the Catholic Church had the ability fight back in force. We can assume by the authoritative language of the Council of Trent that the Catholic Church greatly feared the growing strength of the protestant movement throughout Europe. The power of the church is evident by the aggressive language in the document such as no one dare or presume under any pretext whatsoever to reject it and by authorities describing those who do not follow the canons as an anathema. An anathema in essence means condemning someone to hell. Even after the charges by reformists such as Luther and Calvin, the Catholic Church still had the influence to directly threaten and condemn Protestantism. The Council of Trent legitimizes under Catholic law, papal authority to do whatever necessary to prevent the spread of Protestantism and bring former Catholics back to the church in nume rous ways. First, The Council of Trent increased papal authority by passing a decree concerning the publication of sacred books. The Council states that canonical books (the Bible) should be printed in its entirety as they are in the Vulgate edition. The Council states that If any one receive not, as sacred and canonical, the said books entire with all their parts, as they have been used to be read in the Catholic Church, and as they are contained in the old Latin vulgate editionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦let him be anathema. The Vulgate edition included deuterocanonicals, which were books not available in Hebrew yet were deemed acceptable to be included in the Bible. The Protestants did not accept these books as canonical and called it biblical apocrypha. This gives us greater indication that the Council of Trent was among other things, a counter in reaction to the teachings of Protestantism. Secondly, The Council of Trent increased papal authority by legitimizing enforcement methods to stop the spread of any edition of sacred documents not verified by the Catholic Church. The Council states that the Vulgate edition, be printed in the most correct manner possible; and that it shall not be lawful for any one to print, or cause to be printed, any books whatsoever, on sacred matters, without the name of the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦unless they shall have been first examined and approved by the Ordinary. Moreover the council states that Those who ledà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦shall be subject to the same penalties as printersthey who have them in their possession or shall read them, shall, unless they discover the authors, be themselves regarded as the authors This would have harsh implications as just having a copy of an anonymous biblical text would deem you legally responsible and subject to punishment. It must be noted that Luther published his Bible in 1534, which meant that the Council of Trent deemed Luther to be a threat to the Catholic Church. They soon took the necessary means to prevent its (and other bible translations) publication. This could also give us a greater appreciation of the significance of the Gutenberg Press which could produce multiple copies of works rapidly. The Catholic Church must have felt their power to centralize production of biblical texts was diminishing. The Council of Trent would legitimize the authority of the papacy that The Catholic Churchs interpretation of the bible would be absolute. Thirdly, The Council of Trent increased papal power by equating Catholic Church tradition with the scripture. The Council states that Truth and discipline are contained in the written books, and the unwritten traditions which, received by the Apostles from the mouth of Christ himselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦have come down to us, transmitted as it were from hand to hand. This would have the potential to greatly enhance papal authority on which interpretation of the bible would be permitted. This would also be a direct counter to refute and denounce the protestant belief that man can learn everything he needed to know about God through scripture alone and his individual relationship with Christ. We can also notice from The Council of Trent, that papal authority to ordinate priests and bishops is consolidated. The Council states that those which are not officially ordained by the Catholic Church are to be regarded as thieves and robbers. The Catholic Church criminalizes protestant desires for the common people to elect their own priests and bishops. Moreover the Council enforces the legitimacy of their bishops who are chosen by the Roman pontiff. If anyone says that the bishops who are chosen by the authority of the Roman pontiff are not true and legitimate bishops, but merely human deception, let him be anathema. Again, this is an indication that the Council of Trent was a direct refutation of the growing protestant rituals which broke with Catholic tradition. Finally, The Council of Trent firmly placed the authority in the hands of the papacy to declare that only those who are known for their virtues, not for their own ambition, who will serve the interests of the people, not their own, and who desire to be useful rather then invested with authority, will be chosen for the discharge of ecclesiastical offices. This decree gave the church the authority to expel those who did not live up to the standards of the Catholic Church. This in an indication that the Catholic Church believed that it needed to reform itself in someway to convince the masses that they were taking steps to stamp out corruption. It could also be beneficial to consider to impact of the Council of Trent on the authority of princes and other secular rulers. The Council deemed it proper that secular princes also be admonished of their duty; being confident that as Catholics whom God has willed to be protectors of the holy faith and church. The Council of Trent gave princes the opportunity to potentially use the authority of the church to suppress supporters of the reformation. This is an indication that the Church was willing to work with princes to ensure the survival of Catholicism and the destruction of Protestantism. The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent is clearly a biased document and does not give us the opposing opinions of the Protestants throughout Europe. Furthermore, this document does not attempt to understand, or reconcile the grievances of the Protestants. Thus it makes no attempt to legitimize the criticism of the Catholic Church by Protestants, but to criminalize their criticism. It is written by an ecumenical council to legitimize in writing, their prosecution of what they deem to be blasphemy. However, we can assume that numerous people throughout Europe still valued the opinion of the Catholic Church. With the proclamation of the Council of Trent, Catholics saw their church take action against the rising power of Protestantism, and it would be safe to imagine that their fears would diminish following the publication of the Council of Trent. It is apparent throughout the document, that the Council of Trent centralizes the decision making process of the Catholic Church and its ability to persecute individuals who contradicted their strict interpretation of the Christian faith. It is evident after carefully analyzing the text that The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent increased papal authority, as it was intended as a warning for all other forms of Christianity that the authority and legitimacy of the Catholic Church was not to be questioned or threatened.

Political Liberalism Essay -- Politics Political Science Liberal Essay

Political Liberalism Norman Davies describes liberalism as "being developed along two parallel tracks, the political and the economic. Political liberalism focused on the essential concept of government by consent. In its most thoroughgoing form it embraced republicanism, though most liberals favored a popular, limited, and fair-minded monarch as a factor encouraging stability." (A History of Europe, p.802) At the core of liberalism was the idea of freedom of thought and expression. People were now not only able to think for themselves, but also express those same thoughts. Popular sovereignty was also a very strong tenet of liberalism. Popular sovereignty advocated that government derives its power from the people and sovereignty is never unlimited to anyone. Political liberalism centered on the ideas of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of press, the natural rights of man, the freedom to own property, and that status is not a birthright but an extension of talent. Property also represente d a very strong idea in the minds of many liberals. Davies concludes, "nineteenth-century liberals also gave great weight to property, which they saw as the principal source of responsible judgement and solid citizenship." (A History of Europe, p.802) However, property soon became defined as a natural right. Davies expresses, "economic liberalism focused on the concept of free trade, and on the associated doctrine of laissez-faire, which opposed the habit of governments to regulate economic life through protectionist tariffs. It stressed the right of men of property to engage in commercial and industrial activities without undue restraint." (A History of Europe, p.802) Hence, both economic and political liberalism had the right of property as a core ingredient. Property was a major element in the minds of the liberals because it enabled them to be known as a citizen. The liberals were the working middle classes, those with money but no birthright. Liberalism was translated into a pursuit of wealth by the middle class. "The principal concern of early-nineteenth-century liberalism was protecting the rights of the individual against the demands of the state", explains Davies. (A History of Europe, p.802) Here, the liberals were concerned with the state interfering with the natural rights of man. The tenets of liberalism affected the political deve... ...he natural right of man. As a result, nationalism and liberalism want people to live together in harmony. Also, nationalists were ignited with an inner spirit and the belief that their state was the best. "Most nationalists were liberals who viewed the struggle for unification and freedom from foreign oppression as an extension of the struggle for individual rights. Few liberals recognized that nationalism was a potentially dangerous force that could threaten liberal ideals of freedom and equality." (Sources of the Western Tradition, p.141) Hence, both liberals and nationalists were fighting for equal individual rights of man. In conclusion, "liberals advocated a constitution that limited the state's authority and a bill of rights that stipulated the citizen's basic freedoms." (Sources of the Western Tradition, p.171) Liberals were heavily concerned with the basic rights of man and other rights, such as freedom of thought and expression. However, they were also concerned with the idea of property. As a result, liberalism, which had a profound effect on the early nineteenth century, grew and had an impact on the ideas or ideologies presented in the later nineteenth century.